-Control obvious bleeding with pressure -Keep patient laying down with raised legs}<b>If established hypovolaemia class 2 and above</b><br> -Set 2 large bore IV lines -IV fluids Normal Saline 0.9% (or Ringer’s lactate) 20-30 ml/kg over 60 minutes according to response –– If possible, warm the fluid –– Start rapidly, monitor BP –– Assess response to fluid resuscitation: BP, HR, RR, capillary refill, consciousness and urinary output -If internal or external haemorrhage, consider blood transfusion}<b>If rapid improvement and stable (blood loss <20% and not progressing)</b><br> -Slow IV fluids to maintenance levels -No immediate transfusion but do cross-matching -Regular reassessment -Detailed examination and definitive treatment according to the cause}<b>If transient improvement (blood loss 20-40% or ongoing bleeding)</b><br> -Rapid administration of fluids -Initiate blood transfusion (see section 11. 2) -Regular reassessment -Detailed examination and early surgery}<b>If no improvement</b><br> -Vigorous fluid administration -Urgent blood transfusion -Immediate surgery